Jesus Wants Us to Treat People Equal Essay Example for Free

Jesus Wants Us to Treat People Equal EssayJesus wants us to treat others as equal. Matthew 2239 says And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself (James, 1973). Jesus treated people whom he came into contact with as equals. Although he had the power to locomote on water, cause the lame to walk and the blind to see. Jesus still thought himself no greater than those that were around them, he loved them all. From the prostitutes, to the thieves and even the task collectors, Jesus treated us all the same. What that in part tells us is that, we should take time to care for all those who are around us, not entirely the ones we think are on our level.Whether they whitethorn be seniors, peers, or even subordinates. This is not only the right thing to do, but as time lam on it allows others to feel more(prenominal) comfortable about us and improves our relationship. Jesus educated them. A lot of workplaces have adopted the unwritten rule of the more you kn ow the more valuable you are. This leads some to believe that information gained should be information held from others. Then, as time passes that person moves on and no one else is companionship of that job criteria and general the company fails.Jesus did not believe that, he empowered everyone with the same knowledge that he had. As Christians, we should give everyone the same study and education that we have. Jesus managed from the inside out. Many times we spend time reaching out and pleasing others, that we forget about the ones that are close to us, although we may have good intentions. In the business world, it is best that everyone from the CEO to the janitor know what is going on in the organization. This allows input from all levels that will make the overall mission of the team easier to obtain.

Circulatory System Essay Example for Free

Circulatory System EssayHis first point criticised Paleys analogy of the guide. The first part of the analogy claimed that if you found a rock while walking through a heath, you would non think anything of it. However, if you had seen a watch you would examine it and find that it had moving parts that demonstrate that the watch has a purpose, the parts work together for a purpose and they are golf clubed to bring on the watch function because if they werent, the watch wont perform its function. He concluded the first part of his analogy by saying that the watch had a maker who must have existed at some time and place.The second part of the analogy claimed that if we suppose the watch had an some other imaginary function, and this function was the producing of other watches, then our admiration for the watchmaker would be increased. He concluded this part of his argument by saying that any unmatchable who finds such a watch would conclude that the heading of the watch implie s the presence of intelligence and mind. Paley said that just like the watch being endeavored necessitates a source as an explanation of its existence, tout ensemble of nature requires a much greater designer. The complexity of nature is far greater than any machine human beings can make and at that placefore a luxurious designer is needed, this designer is God. Hume criticised this point by saying that the analogy is limited. For example, you could conclude from a study of the human blood circulatory system that animals had the analogous system. This would be a weak and mistaken analogy however to compare a humans and an animals circulatory system to the behavior sap circulates in a plant.Hume maintained his criticism of Paleys analogy of the watch by an analogy of his own. This analogy said that we can conclude that a house had a builder and an architect but we cannot, however, deduce a builder or architect of the universe in the same way because on that point is no simila rity between the two. He mentioned that if the house is faulty, what does this suggest about the designer? And so, if God did design the world, is hedirectly responsible for the evil within it? Paley, however, rejected this point because the issue was whether the universe exhibited signs of design. He was not concerned with questions relating to issues of quality concerning the design. Paleys response was criticised to be unsatisfactory.Hume argued that at that place are other contingent explanations than God for apparent design in the universe. Hume claimed that one of these possible explanations might be that as well as the possibility that on that point is a grand designer of the universe, it is equally possible that matter may contain the spring of order originally within itself, as well as mind does and that unless there is perfect similarity between the object of comparison and what is being compared, you cannot draw a conclusion with any certainty.Another possible explan ation for apparent design in the universe might be that any set ups that we observe in nature may be caused by a variety of causes. This hear supports the discovery of natural selection and the DNA and its role of shaping the growth of all living organisms.Hume claimed that there might not be just one single designer for the world. For example, we may look at a great ship and think about the great design of it, but the ship may be the result of years, even generations of trial and error. The ship may be the product of many hands and not just one great designer. From this, Hume concludes that there is no evidence to suggest the unity of the deity.Hume suggested three more theories as explanations for the design of the universe aptness of analogy, the epicurean thesis and the argument from effect to cause.The aptness of analogy said that a watch is not a suitable analogy for the world. For example, just because a cabbage is fitted together/designed perfectly, does not mean that it h as a maker/designer. By using a machine as an analogy, you would have already determined the outcome you want you want there to be a designer and youre already assuming that something natural, i.e. the cabbage, has a designer.The epicurean thesis was explained using an example. This example spoke about particles and said that if they were freely moving around over infinite time, by chance, one of the combinations they make would just happen to represent a stable order and this stable order is what we now live in. This example represented the view that the universe might have happened by chance.The argument from effect to cause claimed that we cannot go from an effect to a greater cause than that needed to produce the cause. We cannot say whether he made the watch alone or had some little helpers. This would mean that we do not and cannot know whether he is still active or even still alive, we can only say if the universe does/doesnt have a designer and cant list its traits by saying that he is benevolent, omnipotent, omniscient and infinite as many would portray him.Overall, Hume criticises the teleological argument in a number of ways. He very explicitly criticises Paleys views on the teleological argument, using them to explain why he believes that the argument is deeply flawed.

Survey and question design Essay Example for Free

Survey and movement design EssayInitial design considerationsBefore you design your analyseClearly articulate the goals of your survey. Why are you ravel a survey? What, specifically, will you do with the survey results? How will the information help you improve your customers experience with your agency? Make sure that each question will give you the right kind of feedback to achieve your survey goals. When in doubt, contact a statistician or survey expert for help with survey and question design. Survey designThe opening should introduce the survey, explain who is hive away the feedback and why. You should also include some reasons for participation, and share details rough the confidentiality of the information you are lay in. The introduction should set expectations about survey length and estimate the time it will take someone to complete. Opening questions should be easy to fare, to increase thespian trust and encourage them to continue assisting questions.Ensure questions are relevant to participants, to reduce quitment. To minimize confusion, questions should follow a logical flow, with similar questions grouped together. slip by your survey short and to the point fewer questions will deliver a higher response rate. If you have sensitive questions, or questions requesting personal information, include them towards the force out of the survey, after trust has been built. Thank your participants after theyve completed the survey.Test your survey with a small group before launch. Have participants share what they are thinking as they fill out each question, and make improvements where necessary. Question designKeep questions short and easy to read. The longer and more complex the questions, the less stainless feedback youll get. This is particularly true of phone surveys.Keep questions easy to answer, otherwise participants may aban have on the survey, or provide incorrect information (e.g., giving the sameanswer/value for all question s, simply to get through the survey). Keep required questions to a minimum. If a participant tailt or doesnt necessitate to answer a required question, they may abandon the survey. Use a lucid rating carapace (e.g., if 5=high and 1=low, keep this consistent throughout all survey questions).For rating scales, make sure your scale is balanced (e.g., provide an equal number of positive and negative response options). differentiate each point in a response scale to ensure clarity and equal weight to each response option. For closed-ended questions, include all asser bow answers, and make sure there is no overlap between answer options.Use consistent word choices and definitions throughout the survey. Avoid technical jargon and habit language familiar to participants. Be as precise as possible to avoid word choice confusion. Avoid words like often or rarely, which may mean different things to different people. Instead, use a precise phrase like fewer than three times per week. Try to rebuild the questions as objectively as possible.Common survey question types and examplesMultiple choice questionsQuestions with devil or more answer options. Useful for all types of feedback, including collecting demographic information. Answers can be yes/no or a choice of multiple answers. Beware of leaving out an answer option, or using answer options that are not mutually exclusive. Example 1 Are you a U.S. Citizen? Yes / NoExample 2 How numerous times have you called our agency about this issue in the past month? OnceTwiceThree timesMore than three timesDont know/not sure pasture order scale questionsQuestions that require the ranking of potential answer choices by a specific characteristic. These questions can provide insight into how important something is to a customer. take up in online or paper surveys, but doesnt work too well in phone surveys.Rating scale questionsQuestions that use a rating scale for responses. This type of question is useful for determining t he prevalence of an attitude, opinion, knowledge or behavior. There are two common types of scalesLikert scaleParticipants are typically asked whether they contain or disagree with a statement. Responses often range from strongly disagree to strongly agree, with five total answer options. (For excess answer options, see table below.) Each option is ascribed a score or weight (1 = strong disagree to 5 = strongly agree), and these scores can be used in survey response analysis. For scaled questions, it is important to include a neutral category (Neither Agree nor Disagree below).Guidelines for using a 5-point scalesemantic differential scaleIn a question using a semantic differential scale, the ends of the scale are labeled with contrasting statements. The scales can vary, typically using either five or seven points.Open-ended questionsQuestions where there are no specified answer choices. These are particularly helpful for collecting feedback from your participants about their attit udes or opinions. However, these questions may require extra time or can be challenging to answer, so participants may skip the questions or abandon the survey. In addition, the analysis of open-ended questions can be difficult to automate, and may require extra time or resources to review.Consider providing extra motivation to go off a response (e.g., Your comments will help us improve our website) and ensure there is enough space for a complete response. Example What are two ways we could have improved your experience with our agency today? We take your feedback very seriously and review comments daily. Avoid these common question design pitfalls enquire two questions at once (double-barreled questions)Example How satisfied are you with the hours and location of our offices? 1=very dissatisfied, 5=very satisfied You wont be able to manifest whether the participant is responding about the time, or the location, so you should ask this as two separate questions. Leaving out a resp onse choiceExample How many times in the past month have you visited our website? 0 1-2 3-4 5 or more Always include an option for not applicable or dont know, since some people will not know or remember, and if they guess, their answer will skew the results. Leading questionsBased on their structure, certain questions can lead participants to a specific response Example This agency was recently ranked as number one in customer satisfaction in the federal government. How satisfied are you with your experience today? 1=very dissatisfied, 5=very satisfied The first statement influences the response to the question by providing additional information that leads respondents to a positive response, so you should leave that text out. Built-in assumptionsQuestions that assume familiarity with a given topicExample This website is an improvement over our coating website. 1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree This question assumes that the survey participant has experience with the early version of the website. Tips for technology-based surveysSkip logic or conditional prongyWhen creating technology-based surveys, skip logic can be helpful. Skip logic enables you to guide participants to a specific follow-up question, based on a response to an earlier question. This technique can be used to minimize non-relevant questions for each participant, and for filtering out survey participants. For example, if you are looking for U.S. citizens only to fill out certain separate of your survey, anyone who answers no to the question Are you a U. S. citizen? can be skipped to the next relevant section.

Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peel

Antioxidant Activity of Banana PeelAccording to several authors, banana tree peel recorded stronger antioxidant activity, pooled more(prenominal) quantity of phenolic compounds (Someya et al., 2002), great range of phenolics composition and grittyer in minerals content than banana pulp. Banana pulp had been reported as having various antioxidants such(prenominal) as vitamins (A, B and E), provitamin A (Kanazawa Sakakibara, 2000) and phenolic compounds like catechin, epicatechin, lignin, tannin (Someya et al., 2002), gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidine.There several type of antioxidant such as vitamin C, E, A, beta-carotene, lycopene and also other substances. Antioxidants are abundant in growths and vegetables, as well as in nuts, grains, and some meats, and fish. Combination of vitamin C with other antioxidants, including vitamin E, b-carotene, and selenium, provides a synergistic antihypertensive return. Experimental evidences prove that antioxidant s can encourage kind-hearted body from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body and also may nourish cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules or highly reactive chemical that often contains oxygen and is realised during oxidation. Exposure to various environmental factors bequeath lead to free radical formation such as tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage important cellular molecules such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell and also may lead to cancer.Banana peel also demonstrated the charge of various phenolic compounds such as gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidin. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, which have been associated with flavour and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables and are gaining considerable attention because of their muscular antioxidant and health p romoting properties (Kaur Kapoor, 2001). Extraction of phenolic compounds in flora materials is influenced by many factors including the extraction method employed, types of solvent polarity used, storage time, presence of interfering substances, take in particle size and conditions as well as their chemical nature.Bananas were enriched with minerals like potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Banana peel could be a good source of carbohydrates and fiber. The high fiber content also indicates that the peels could help treat constipation and improve general health and well being (Anhwange, B. A. et al., 2009).Natural antioxidant are compound from plant or animals sources that retard oxidative rancidity of oil, fats and fat soluble components, thus protecting them while delaying the development of unpleasant flavors and odors resulting from oxidation carry out. Antioxidant are present naturally in most raw food sources. Processing of the fruit can remove or trigger the degr adation of these antioxidant. Nowadays, the most widely used antioxidant were artificial antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butylhydroxyanisole (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG). Figure 1.1 show the molecular structure of the available synthetic antioxidant.Problem StatementDoubt on the safety of the synthetic arose first in the 1960s and led to an increased interest and broad research on natural antioxidant (). Natural antioxidant particularly found in fruit and vegetables have gain interest among consumer and the scientific community because epidemiological studies have indicate that frequent consumption of natural antioxidant is associate with the lower risk of cardiovascular and cancer (Renoud et al.1998). Natural antioxidants are perceived safe, less toxic and beneficial for human health. However, natural antioxidants is very expensive and have been not widely commercialized.In the recent years, there had been an explosiv e interest in studying antioxidants of some fruits due to their health promoting properties. A large number of studies have been demonstrated every on the effect of extraction time and extraction temperature or changeing temperature toward antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals in banana peel. Antioxidant activity could influence by geographical origin, cultivar and pull together storage time. (C. Guo et al., 2003). These statements show that different origin of banana peel will have different value of antioxidant. This present studies are focusing on the banana peel that originally harvest in Malaysia because banana peel from Malaysia origin is rarely being studied before.ObjectiveThe objective of this research project is to take the optimal condition for obtaining the banana peel extract with high antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals by using solvent extraction.Research ScopeFollowing tasks will be undertaken as a part of the proposed research-Differ ent drying temperatures of 50C, 55C, 60C, 65C and 70C used to dry the sample. 70% acetone was use as the extracting solvent. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content was analyst by using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteus calorimetric (FC) respectively. The detection of the products was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer.The sample of 60C drying temperature was extract by using different solvent (methanol, acetone and water) with different dilution ratio (90%, 70%, 50%) in the hot water extraction. The extraction was done at 50C for 1 hour. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content were analyst by using FRAP assay and FC assay respectively. The detection of the product was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer.Time of extraction vary from 1minutes-120 minutes was used to determined the effect of extraction time on antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% acetone was used as the sa mple. compendium were done by using FRAP and FC assay where the detection was performed by using UV-visible SpectrophotometerDifferent extraction temperatures of 40C, 50C, 55C and 60C were for the hot water extraction. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% acetone was used as the sample. Duration of the extraction process was 2 hours. Analyst for antioxidant activity and phenolic content were performed.Verification of the Ascorbic acid existence in the banana peel extract was performed using High murder Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) unit. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% acetone was use as the sample. The extraction process was done at 55oC for 2 hours.Sodium(Na), Magnesium(Mg) and Calcium(Ca) compositions in banana peel extracted with 70% acetone and undergo 2 hours extraction at 55oC were investigate by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) unit. rule and SignificanceBanana is one of the source of natural antioxidant. Besides, banana is easy to get be cause it is not a seasonal fruit and it grow well in Malaysia. Banana peels are waste from banana fruit and they contain high amount of antioxidant, phenolic content and also mineral. This peel is biodegradable and it will produce environmental problem due to it nitrogen and phosphorus quantity. Therefore extracting the banana peel will be the best solution in order to protect human being, gaining some profit and also creating waste to wealth. Banana peel also can be commercialize because it qualitative and quantitatively contain more antioxidant than it pulp. It also will have does not compete with banana pulp in producing end product especially in the food industry.

The Heart Disease Prediction System Computer Science Essay

The Heart Disease Prediction System Computer Science EssayThere be enormous kernel of selective in coifion available from checkup exam industry which could be useful for medical practitioners when it is used for discovering unfathomable pattern with help of existing selective information digging techniques. The prefatory medical records from a patients profile can be useful in identifying hidden pattern with entropy mining techniques. In this paper, Nave verbalise algorithmic programic program to phone heart disease is implemented with basic records of patients like age, sex, heart rate, blood compel etc., from a example distribution dataset. The benefits, limitations, and technical details of this implementation allow also be discussed in this paper.1 IntroductionOver these years in medical history, many types of medical problems have been identified and many data are available regarding a particular problem. But not all the medical data are same, but there are many pa tterns hidden inside those data which needs to be identified. Data mining techniques could help identify these hidden patterns by knowledge discovery. In the medical field, patients health issues are predicted by doctors intuition or experience 2 where the knowledge rich data is suppressed which endpoints in high medical expenses and unnecessary medical tests. In late(a) years, there are many researches being conducted in order to regard the hidden pattern from basic medical data 1. Identifying these hidden pattern would result in a developing an efficient decision making system in medical industry which aide as a tool to run doctors decision making or at least serve as a prediction system for any medical issues.In this paper, we have taken into consideration of heart disease and predict it using the set of data that are already in existence with the help of data mining technique. The algorithm that we have chosen is the Nave bay algorithm, this algorithm is ideal for a vast am ount of database that may contain hundreds and thousands of rows and columns. The Nave Bayes algorithm provides the mean outturn faster and more accurate as the number of data in the database increase.1.1 Problem ScenarioThere are only few decision uphold systems available in medical industry whose functionalities are very limited. As mentioned earlier, medical decisions are made with doctors intuition and not from the rich data from the medical database. Wrong treatment due to misdiagnosis causes serious threat in medical field. In order to solve these issues data mining solution was with help of medical databases was introduced.1.2 Related WorkThere are many techniques available to discover knowledge from medical database 1. Researchers at Southern California used data mining technique to discover the success and failure of back surgery in order to improve medical treatment 3. Shouman et al 4 implemented predictive data mining to diagnose heart disease of patients. Palaniappan et al 2 developed a prototype Intelligent Heart Disease Prediction System (IHDPS), using data mining techniques.1.3 ObjectiveIn this paper, Nave Bayes algorithm to predict heart disease is implemented with basic records of patients like age, sex, heart rate, blood pressure etc., from a hear dataset. Based on the literature survey Nave Bayes algorithm was found to be an effective technique. The probabilistic method helped in finding the converse probability of the conditional relationship. The dependence relation may exist between two attributes of data set which can be laid with this algorithm.2 Data PreparationIn order to implement the algorithm, a medical data was required. The sample dataset used for the purpose of implementation of algorithm was obtained from Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The sample of dataset is shown in the below figure (Figure1.)CUsersMadan KumarDesktopUntitled2.jpgFigure1. Sample dataset2.1 Dataset SourceThe Cleveland institute medical data was downloaded f rom website of University of California, Irvine.2.2 Dataset AttributesThe dataset consists of 16 attributes. The last attribute of dataset consists of abide by 0 and 1. The value 0 indicates that the patient does not have heart disease whereas 1 indicates that the patient has a heart disease. The prediction of algorithm can be confirm with this value while evaluating the algorithm. The first 15 attributes are shown in the figure2.CUsersMadan KumarDesktopattri.jpgFigure2. Dataset attributes3 Program ArchitectureThe program was implemented using JAVA. Apache TOMCAT horde and MySQL Database is also used. The Nave Bayes algorithm has three class files Calculation.java, Prediction.java, and Detection.java. Detection.java reads the data file from the source path and stores the attributes into temporary array list. The mean and standard deflexion values calculations are performed and probability calculation is also done in Prediction.java. All the dataset attributes are defined in calc ulation.java where mean and standard deviation of attributes were calculated. The calculation.java calls the former(a) two classes while executing the program. Figure3 represents the program architecture.CUsersKirubanidhyDesktopArchitecture.jpgFigure3. Architecture3.1 Building and running a DemoTOMCAT server is used to present the output in web based form. The output will run in localhost. The MySQL database is used to identify the patient records. At the execution point, the local host is accessed and 15 questions will be displayed which will be obtained from user and algorithm will be called to calculate and predict the disease possibility on that person. A insure will be generated at the end of the demo which says if the person is predicted with heart disease or not.In general,1. Obtains the values from user.2. Reads the data file.3. Calls the algorithm and calculates mean, deviation, and probability of attributes.4. Generates a report displaying the values given with the predic tion of disease.4. ImplementationAll the attributes of dataset is of a numerical value that has some meaning. The meaning of dataset attributes are as shown in figure2. deterrent example the attributes sex is denoted with values 1 and 0 where 1 denotes Male and 0 denote Female. Fasting blood sugar values are also denoted using 1 and 0 where 1 denotes 120mg of fasting blood sugar level and 0 denotes These values from the data file are accessed by the Nave Bayes algorithm. The values 0 and 1 are extracted from data file and stored to an array list for each attribute e.g. age array list, sex array list, and knocker pain type array list etc., in order to perform calculation. Here, the values are defined on what those values stands for before storing to the array list. The sample of the interface (for obtaining slope value) is shown in figure4. Here the un-sloping, flat, and down- sloping represents the value 1, 2, and 3 respectively.CUsersMadan KumarDownloadsUntitled.jpgFigure 4. Inte rface SampleCUsersMadan KumarDownloadsUntitled2.jpgFigure5. Sample of report format5. Modules DescriptionAnalyzing the Data setThe attribute Diagnosis was identified as the predictable attribute with value 1 for patients with heart disease and value 0 for patients with no heart disease. The attribute PatientID was used as the key the rest are input attributes. It is assumed that problems such as missing data, inconsistent data, and counterpart data have all been resolved.Naives Bayes Implementation in MiningBayes Theorem finds the probability of an event occurring given the probability of an different event that has already occurred. If B represents the dependent event and A represents the prior event, Bayes theorem can be stated as follows.5.2.1 Bayes TheoremProb (B given A) = Prob (A and B)/Prob (A)To calculate the probability of B given A, the algorithm counts the number of cases where A and B occur together and divide it by the cases where A occurs alone. Applying Nave Bayes to data with numerical attributes, predict the class using Nave Bayes classificationFigure6 (a) Top Mean (b) Bottom Standard DeviationFigure6 (c) Laplace Transform6. EvaluationUser enters the values for the questionnaire to find out whether the patient has a heart disease or not. By feeding sample data from the dataset and performing the mining operations with the Nave Bayes algorithm, it is found out that the Nave Bayes algorithm gives 95% probability in predicting if patient have heart disease or not. 95% true statement is quite good to use as a decision weather system.The figure shows the accuracy of Nave Bayes algorithm (figure7). The figure shows the highest probability of pass up predictions and lowest probability of incorrect predictions.CUsersMadan KumarDesktopUntitled1.jpgFigure7. Model Results of three algorithms 27. LimitationsApart from the benefits like probabilistic approaches and fast reliable algorithm of Nave Bayes, the serious blemish of the algorithm is its ab ility in handling small datasets. Nave Bayes classifier requires relatively large dataset to obtain best results. Yet, studies showed that Naive Bayes algorithm outperforms another(prenominal) algorithms in accuracy and efficiency. Notable limitation of this paper is the usage of small dataset. This dataset can be used for training or testing purpose only. excessively the dataset could include more attributes for a more effective prediction in supporting clinical decisions.8. Future WorkThe algorithm is working well with this sample dataset. Implementing the algorithm with large dataset could give better results which can aid as a supporting tool in making medical decisions. In future, other possible algorithms could be implemented where efficiency of all algorithms could be analyzed to decide on best suitable technique in terms of speed, reliability, and accuracy.9. cultureIn this paper, Nave Bayes algorithm is the only algorithm used for calculation of attributes and prediction . Efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm in predicting were discussed. Designing effective models are constrained by size of the datasets and noisy, incorrect, missing data values. The prototype developed so far has been generally tested by computer experts and not by the doctors. For effective understanding of the health issues, medical experts have to work collaboratively and test the prototypes in order to implement the system in real life to support medical experts in taking clinical decisions.

The Conflict Between Individual And State And The Grammatical Fiction :: essays research papers

The Conflict Between the Individual and the State and the Grammatical Fiction in Darkness At Noon "The Party denied the free will of an individual-and at the same cartridge holder exacted his willing self-sacrifice." The obvious contradiction of the above definition of the Communist party is depicts the conflict between the individual and the State in Arthur Koestlers novel Darkness at Noon. Koestlers protagonist Nicolas Salamanovich Rubashov, devout communist and former leader of the Communist party, falls victim to his own system during the time of the Moscow trials. Accused and imprisoned for crimes he did not commit, Rubashov is forced to choose between the ideology he has faithfully followed for the past forty years of his life, or a new found sense of self, which he calls the "grammatical fiction".During the beginning of Rubashovs solitary incarceration, he begins to doubt the infallibility of the Communist regime, and for a time, views himself self-sustaini ng from the Party. Rubashovs pulling away from Communism is evident in his conversation with the examining magistrate, Ivanov, during his first hearing. Rubashov addresses Ivanovs collective viewpoint with the developing views of his own"Your argument is just about anachronistic," said Rubashov. "As you quite rightly remarked, we were accustomed always to use the plural we and to avoid as far as possible the first mortal singular. I have rather lost the habit of this form of speech you stick to it. But who is this we in whose name you speak to-day? It needs re-defining. That is the point."Apart from the Party, Rubashov no longer functions as part of the Communist unit, but rather as an individual. Within communist doctrine the individual is only a piece of a larger system, and for the true communist the pronoun I is not plain part of his or her vocabulary. Rather, the personal I is re fit(p) by we, which represents the Party. The significance of Rubashovs statemen t is that even his speech patterns, a physical manifestation of ones subconscious, display his self-detachment from the Communist Party in that he has lost his ability to associate with the communist We. Over and over Rubashov is tormented by the idea "I shall pay", an unrest due to his uncertainty about the foundation of Communism he has placed himself on. Shortly after his first hearing he writes in his diary "The fact is I no longer believe in my infallibility. That is why I am lost.

Single Parent vs. Traditional Family Essay example -- Parenting, Famil

Which behalf is the best side, the single parent versus the traditional family? A traditional family is defined or described as two parents workings together to solve anything that goes on in their house. The advantage of a traditional family is that they are going to founder a more stable income that will obtain them a reasonable house or an apartment. The traditional families have two parents, the mom and the dad, jointly raising kids with help and advice from each other (Magnier). An accustomed family excessively expresses their feelings towards one another and has respect among others in their home. A dysfunctional family is usually described as conflicted adults living on their own. Although a dysfunctional family may vigorous inadequate, it is quite reputable. Single parenting is already becoming a rapidly growing trend in the society (Magnier). Single parents are very common in the US. Statistics say that one out of every two children in the US will live in a sing le parent household at one point before they reach their adult age. The situations of single parents vary greatly it may be that you are divorced, widowed or never unite (all-about-motherhood.com/advantages). Being a single parent states that an individual is strong enough to carry the parts of two roles in a house. Single parents are a good influence on their children and any other individuals because they can take care of their financial problems, have greater control over their kids, and the children tend to have greater independence when living with a single parent.One problem every single parent has is their financial situation. Single parents usually have a difficult time in supporting their child in every way financially. Divorced parents usually hav... ...ent to be able to nurture up a child in the right way by being a single parent. If the parent can build a strong foundation for the child, then(prenominal) consider that parent to be special and blessed because sin gle parenting is not a walk in the park. Works CitedMagnier, Jenny. The Effects of Single Parenting on Children. Ezine Articles. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.McGrath, Victoria. Causes and Effects of Single Parents.Ehow.com. n.p. n.d. Web. 27 Nov.2011.Moore, M.F.T., Shellee. How to Be the Best Single Parent You Can. California Divorce Online Orange County Divorce Do It Yourself. Divorce Wizards Expert Sources, Guidance, pass up Costs, 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. The Advantages of Single Parenting. All- About- Motherhood. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. The Disadvantages of Single Parenting. All- About- Motherhood. n.p. n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.